Irish novelist, playwright, and short-story writer Edna O’Brien candidly displays challenging elements of the female experience, consistently depicting naive women who struggle to attain emotional fulfillment and eventually learn the importance of self-sufficiency. Extreme honesty characterizes her work, and the explicit presentation of female sexuality as well as her criticism of Irish Catholic morality awarded her popular success as well as controversy, leading several of her novels to be banned in Ireland. 
Edna O’Brien was born in County Clare, Ireland in 1930. O’Brien received a traditional Irish Catholic convent education, and went to Dublin to train to become a pharmacist. In Dublin, she met and married Ernest Gébler, an aspiring author sixteen years her senior. In 1958, O’Brien and Gébler moved to London with their two sons, where O’Brien began to write her first novel, The Country Girls (1960), in a seemingly sudden stroke of creativity. The Country Girls would be the first of a very successful trilogy following two Irish girls who flee their stifling homes for the romantic draw of Dublin. Gébler objected to the passion with which O’Brien approached her writing, and the couple divorced in 1964. 
O’Brien went on to write an extensive body of successful novels, including August is a Wicked Month (1965), Night (1972), The High Road (1988), and In the Forest (2002). Many of her novels address the complexities of the female experience, criticizing repressive upbringings. Her characters often engage in unsuccessful romantic relationships as a means of ameliorating their feelings of emotional isolation. O’Brien’s experience as an Irish woman also greatly informed her work, with Irish settings, politics, and culture featuring prominently across her body of work.
In addition to her novels, O’Brien published several collections of short stories, including The Love Object (1968), A Scandalous Woman (1974), and most notably Lantern Slides (1990), for which she earned a Los Angeles Times Book Prize for fiction in 1990. She also wrote several plays throughout her career, including Virginia (1981), which is based on the life and work of twentieth-century British novelist Virginia Woolf. 
More recently, O’Brien published the short study James Joyce (1999), honoring the career of her inspiration and Irish predecessor. She also discussed Lord Byron’s turbulent life in Byron in Love (2009). In 2012, O’Brien published her memoir, Country Girl, which provides perspective on the stifling nature of her Irish Catholic upbringing in a rural environment, in contrast with her liberating experience as a writer. 
O’Brien published her nineteenth novel in 2019 at age eighty-eight, which she suggested will likely be her last. The novel, Girl, was inspired by the 276 Nigerian schoolgirls who were kidnapped by the Boko Haram in 2014. Girl represents a departure from much of O’Brien’s previous work, both culturally and geographically. However, it maintains her pattern of foregrounding the emotional experience of young women, while elevating the stakes. This career-long interest in highlighting the internal experiences of women awarded her popular and critical success, establishing O’Brien as a key figure in a long line of successful Irish authors.